Nā Pali, Lehua Tuff Cone, and the “Forbidden Island” of Ni‘ihau

During our March 2025 trip to Kaua‘i, Hawaii, one unforgettable day stood out: we spent seven hours soaking in the breathtaking vistas of the Nā Pali sea cliffs, the volcanic Lehua tuff cone, and the remote shores of Ni‘ihau – often called the “Forbidden Island”. Magma from the Hawaiian mantle plume hotspot has continuously erupted … Read more

Volcano (part 1): shield volcanoes

Shield volcanoes and stratovolcanoes are two major types of volcanoes. Other smaller-scale volcanic features also include cinder cones, volcanic domes, calderas etc. To put it simply, low-viscosity magma flows gently outward instead of erupts violently, resulting in shield volcanoes with gentle slopes. In contrast, stratovolcanoes form from viscous magma that often erupts violently and couldn’t … Read more

Micronesia (part 1): secluded stones- basalt columns, latte, and rai

Nan Dowas 南马杜尔Nan Dowas皇家陵墓一角

I took a trip to Micronesia – a group of isolated “small islands” – in early 2024, where the diverse volcanic landscapes on their high islands not only shape magnificent natural scenery but also foster an impressive local culture. There are three subregions- both geographical and cultural- in Oceania: Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia. Translated from … Read more